Heat-exchanger.



W. MAYBACH.

HEAT EXGHANGBR. APPLICATION FILED SEP'T. 9, 1913.

Patented Dec.15,1914.

PETERS 60.. PHOTO-LITHQ. WASHINGTON. n

HE NORRIS WILHELM MAYBACH, or cannsrarr, GERMANY] irnnr nxoi-mnenn.

Specification of Letters Patent. p I Patented Dc. 15, 1914;.

Application filed September 9, 1913. Serial No. 788,913.

To all whom it may concern:

for heat radiators, cooling apparatus and,

the like and has for its the efiiciency of such apparatus.

Hitherto, the air to traverse the heat-radiating surfaces in a directionparallel thereto, This has the drawback that the heat is absorbed onlyby the air nearest the heat-radiating surfaces. Moreover, the air beingsuperheated is thus rendered dangerous to the health, when'employed forheating buildings, while furthermore it gradually absorbsless heat as itrisesuntil it at lastrceases to absorb any heat. The heating surface isthus Very inefficiently utilized. 1

7 According to the present invention, alternate adjacent air inlet andoutlet conduits object to increase are provided, which are open at theirlonger sides, these conduits being arranged short d stances apart anddirected at their open sides toward the heat-radiating surfaces so thatthe air entering the inlet conduits under either natural -or artificialdraft traverses the heating surfaces overthe whole length of thec0nduits,passing transversely around their inner edges, and is thusheated and'passes away through the outlet conduits, so that the whole ofthe air supplied is uniformly heated, without being superheated to adegree dangerous to health,

while, moreover, the greatest possible adsorption of heat is attained.The conduits and heating surfaces are preferably inclosed in adraft-inducing casing. Furthermore,

the entry and exit 0 enin 's of the conduits are inclined, so thatthecross-sectionalarea of the air passage through the "draft-inducin casingis in no way or inappreciably diminished by the conduits thereby alsoresulting in a saving in material for the con duits,iwhich may also beretained byarrang-' ing the conduits adjacent to each other with acommon partition. 7

In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, reference ismade toth'e accompanying draw ngs which show var has usually been causedhaving openingsg below ous embodiments of my inventionby' way ofexample.

Figure 1 illustrates a heat -.radiator constructed according to thepresent invention andis' a vertical sectional view on the line A-.B of Fi'g. 3. Fig.2 is'a side view of the.

n Fig. '1 zbut with theouterfl Fig. l 3 is, a transverse Y radiatorshown casingin section. sectional view on the line C.D of Fig. 1. Figs.4 and 5, are fragmentary views corresponding to Fig. 3 showing twon1odifica-. tions thereof. Fig. 6 view .illustratinga water coolerconstructed according to the present invention.

'On the drawings, Figs. '1 to3, a desig-v nates the heat radiator,heated internally byis a vertical sectional ITED STATES ENT OFFICE.

a hot fluidwsuch as hot water, hot air or steam, b the airinletconduits, and c the air outlet conduits. The-conduits b and c are formedfrom sheet-n1etal plates bent to form parallel sides 0! turned inwardlyat their edges to form flanges d andconnected together by aninclinedside 6Z the channel thus formed being triangular in side view, as seenin Fig. 1, and constituting the air outlet conduit 0. This outletconduit c'is open-at its upper end 6, the open end hes ing preferablyinclined as seenfiin Fig. 1. Thespace between the parallelqsideplates (Zof adjacent channels constitutes the air inlet conduit Z) and is closedat its upper end by means of an inclined plate Z). The radiator a isprovided in the usual-manner with vertical ribs 7",, one of which ispreferably adapted toproject into each of the conduits b. The wholeisinclosed in a casing g 111- and continued upwardly above the radiatora to increase the natural draft. The apex m ,1) of each channelcoincideswith the sides of the casing g ,so thatthe air entering thelatter is compelled to enter the conduits. 7).. To permit the freepassage of the'air through the casing g, the total area of the air inletopenings of the. conduits b as well as the total area of the outletopenings e and alsothe total free passagebetween the flanges (Z and theradiator, must each be at least approximately aslarge as thecross-sectionalarea of the casing minus the cross-sectional area of theradiator a. This is elfected,-a's clearly seen in Fig. 1, by making theside plates (Z and air outlet.

for. the entry of I openings inclined. Instead, however, of

making the air inlet opening long and outlet duits to said outletconduits and passes from arrow in Fig. 3, thereby nel plates, the

opening short, as in Fig. 1, the size ofthe openings may be reversed orthe apex 00 of the channels may be arranged at any desired point and ifdesired may be arranged midway between the top and bottom of theradiator a,

If desired, the casing 9 below the apex w may be wholly dispensed with,so that the air enters the air inlet conduits 1) directly while the sideplates d of the air outlet conduits 0 may be of other suitable shape andserve as a casing.

The cold air entering the lower part of the casing g rises therein inthe direction of the arrows indicated in Fig. l, entering the air inletconduits b and striking the hot surfaces of the radiator a where it isdeflected around the flanges d, as indicated by the traversing close tothe heating surfaces for a short distance and thereupon in its thenheated condition escaping through the outlet conduits 0. The exchange ofheat thus takes place as the air passes from the inletconduits b to theoutlet conduits 0 uniformly over the whole heating surface, while thevertical ribs 7 increase the heat radiating surface exposed to the air.

In the modification illustrated in Fig. l the vertical ribs arealternatelyof increased width, as indicated at f, so as to divide theair outlet conduits 0 into two separate compartments. As in Fig. 5,however, the vertical ribs may be made integral with the chanverticalrib i being bent to form an inclined side 01' corresponding to the sided in Fig. l and'with a side plate 71 flanged at its inner end at itocorrespond to the side plates cl and flange (Z in Figs. 1 to 8, thespace between the rib i and plate 2' constituting the air outlet conduit0, while the space between the vertical rib i and the side plate 2' ofthe next adjacent channel constitutes the air inlet conduit I).

In Fig. 6 h designates the cooling lamellar plates of a water coolerbetween which are arranged air inlet conduits b and outlet con duits 0,two such conduits being arranged between each pair of cooling plateshthrough which the cooling air may pass either under natural or underartificial draft. The conduits may also be adapted to irregular oruneven heating surfaces or to radiators of circular or ovalcross-section by suitable modification thereof.

I claim 2- 1. A heat exchanger comprising a heatradiating element, aplurality of alternately arranged air inlet and outlet conduits arrangedat a short distance from and open toward said element, said inletconduits being closed at their upper ends and said outlet conduits beingclosed below so that the air is heated in passing from said inlet consothat in this case the air inlet and outlet openings will be of equalength.

radiating element,

one conduit to the other over the whole length thereof.

2. A heat exchanger, comprising a heatradiating element, a plurality ofalternatelyarranged air inlet andv outlet conduits arranged at a shortdistance from and open toward said element, said inlet conduits eachhaving an air inlet opening inclined relatively to said element and saidoutlet conduits each having an outlet opening inclined relatively tosaid element.

3. A heat exchanger comprising a heatradiating element, a plurality ofchannelshaped conduits spaced apart and arranged with their open sides ashort distance from said element, said conduits being only open at theside nearest said element and at their upper ends and cover platesbridging the upper part of the spaces between said conduits.

4;. A heat exchanger comprising a heatradiating element, a plurality ofchannelshaped conduits spaced apart and arranged with their longitudinaledges a short distance from said element, said conduits having theirparallel sides triangular so as to be open only at the side nearest saidelement and at their bridging the upper part of the spaces between saidconduits.

5. A heat exchanger comprising a heatradiating element, a plurality ofchannels shaped conduits spaced apart and arranged with their open sidesa short distance from said element, said conduits having triangularsides, cover plates for the upper ends of the spaces between saidconduits, and'an inclosing casing open above and below and touching theapices of said triangular sides.

6. A heat exchanger comprising a heatradiating element, a plurality oftriangular conduits spaced apart and of channel-shaped cross-section andflanged at their edges, said flanged edges being arranged a shortdistance from said element, an inclined plate covering the space betweenadjacent conduits, and a draft-inducing casing open above and below andtouching the apices of said triangular conduits.

7. A heat exchanger comprising a heata plurality of alternately arrangedair inlet and outlet conduits arranged at a short distance from and opentoward said element, said inlet conduits being closed at their upperends and said outlet conduits being closed below so that the air isheated in passing from said inlet conduits to said outlet conduits andpasses from one conduit to the other over the whole length thereof, anda series of vertical ribs on said element.

8. A heat exchanger comprising a heatradiatingelement, a pluralityarranged air inlet and outlet conduits arranged at a short distance fromand open upper ends and cover plates of alternately duits to said outletconduits and passesfrom one conduit to the other over the Whole lengththereof, and a series of vertical ribs 011 said element, one projectinginto each of said conduits.

9. A heat exchanger comprising a heat radiating element, a plurality ofalternately arranged air inlet and outlet conduits arranged at a shortdistance from and open toward said element, said inlet conduits beingclosed at their upper ends and said out- Oopies of this patent may beobtained for five cents each, by addressing the Washington, D. G.

let conduits being closedbe'low so that the air is heated in passingfrom said inlet conduits to said outlet conduits and passes from oneconduit to the other over the Whole lengththereof, and a series ofvertical ribs on said element, oneprojecting into each of,

said conduits andeachalternate rib being of greater Width so ,as to,divide said air outlet conduits each into tWO compartments.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of tWoWitnesses. WILHELM MAYBACH. \Vitnesses Rosn THALBAUER; JULIUs MAYBACH.

Commissioner of Patents.

